Six world powers plan to sign off on Iran package, diplomats say

(AP)

30 May 2006
Khaleej Times Online
VIENNA, Austria - Top US, Russian, Chinese and European officials plan to sign off this week on a package of incentives and penalties meant to reward Iran if it gives up uranium enrichment - and punish it if it doesn’t, diplomats said on Monday.
Agreement by the five permanent members of the UN Security Council plus Germany could open the way for sanctions if Teheran remains defiant and refuses to abandon technology that can be used to make the fissile core of nuclear warheads.
The meeting of foreign ministers including US Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice and EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana was set for Thursday in Vienna, said the diplomats, who spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to share confidential information.
Teheran appeared unimpressed: One official repeated that Iran is permitted to enrich uranium for peaceful purposes under the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. Another announced that his country had experimented in technology that can be used to make the hydrogen bomb.
Teheran’s main goal was recognition of “the essential right of Iran to have nuclear technology,” Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki said during a visit to Malaysia.
State television quoted nuclear official Sadat Hosseini as saying his country “is competing with the advanced world in the field of producing nuclear energy through fusion.”
Fusion is the main principle behind the hydrogen bomb, which can be hundreds of times more powerful than atomic weapons that use fission. In a hydrogen bomb, radiation from a nuclear fission explosion sets off a fusion reaction responsible for a powerful blast and radioactivity.
Peaceful uses of fusion are still at the experimental stage.
The European Union, the United States, Japan, China, Russia and others hope to set up a demonstration power plant in the southern French town of Cadarache around 2040. Officials project that 10 percent to 20 percent of the world’s energy could come from fusion by the end of the century.
International concern about Iran’s nuclear aims has been focused on fears it could be trying to make a fission-type nuclear weapon by enriching uranium to weapons-grade level. Hosseini’s comments were likely add to concern about Teheran’s interest in fusion.
But former UN nuclear inspector David Albright said the announcement was probably “not very worrisome.”
“They like to pretend they are competing but their program is (probably) pretty rudimentary,” said Albright, who runs the Washington-based Institute for Science and International Security.
“One part of their (nuclear) strategy is to say, ’We have it all, so you can’t stop us,”’ he said.
Any package foreign ministers approve on Thursday would then be presented to Teheran by France, Britain and Germany - the trio of nations that broke off talks with Iran in August after it resumed activities linked to uranium enrichment.
The Security Council gave Iran until the end of April to suspend all such activities. Instead of complying, Iran announced last month that it had for the first time successfully enriched uranium and was doing research on advanced centrifuges to produce more of the material in less time.
Indirectly linked to any possible deal for Iran would be agreement on a resolution tough enough for Washington but acceptable to Teheran ally Moscow, a dispute that has hobbled action by the Security Council’s permanent members for months.
If Iran remains defiant, the proposal - as outlined to AP by diplomats familiar with the text - calls for a resolution imposing sanctions under Chapter VII, Article 41 of the UN Charter. But it avoids any reference to Article 42, which is the trigger for possible military action to enforce any such resolution.
The proposal also calls for new consultations among the five permanent Security Council members on any further steps against Iran - a move meant to dispel complaints by the Russians and Chinese that once the screws on Iran are tightened, the council would automatically move toward military involvement.
Among the possible sanctions are a visa ban on government officials, the freezing of assets, blocking financial transactions by government figures and those involved in the country’s nuclear program, an arms embargo and a blockade on the shipping of refined oil products to Iran.
If Teheran agrees to suspend enrichment, enter new negotiations on its nuclear program and lift a ban on intrusive inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency, rewards would include agreement to “suspend discussion of Iran’s file at the Security Council,” as well as help in building a peaceful domestic nuclear program that uses an outside supply of enriched uranium.